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1. Answer the following questions: (any twelve): 1x 12 = 12

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) “Destiny of India is now shaped in her classroom.” This statement was given by  ____________ Commission.

Ans: Kothari Commission.

(b) The distance between teacher and student is an important characteristics of _____________ education.

Ans: Non-Formal Education.

(c) “World Environmental  Day’ is observed on ____________ .

Ans: Every year 5th June.

(d) The original name of the present Cotton Collegiate School was ___________ .

Ans: Guwahati Seminari.

(e) Swimming is possible because of ____________ memory.

Ans: Procedural memory.

(f) The three important functions of mental hygiene are preventive, curative and __________ .

Ans: Preservative functions.

• Give Short Answer in one sentence :

(g) Write the name of the person who took initiative to formulate ‘National Policy on Education, 1986’.

Ans: Prime minister Rajiv Gandhi.

(h) Write the name of the first open university of Assam (full name).

Ans: KKHSOU (Krishna Kanta Handique State Open University) is the first Open University in Assam.

(i) Who introduced the concept of Population Education ?

Ans: Prof. S.R. Wayland of Columbia University introduced the concept of ‘Population Education’.

(j) Mention one social quality of a mentally healthy person.

Ans: Very confident in decision making is one social quality of a mentally healthy person.

(k) Write the formula for finding out mean by ‘Assumed Mean Method’

Ans:

(l) From a batch of 15 students who had appeared for an examination. 5 students failed. The marks of the successful students were – 40, 58, 48, 66, 78, 60, 70, 55, 44, 72. Calculate the median.

Ans: Median is 59

2. Mention two suggestions given by Mudaliar Commission for the development of leadership qualities among the student. 2

Ans: The two measures as suggested by Mudaliar Commission to develop leadership qualities among students are:

i. The secondary education should train the person to assume the responsibilities of leadership in social, pollical, industrial, and cultural life of their community or country.

ii. This education should provide the students professional efficiency and all the facilities inside the school for the formation of good character.

3. What does it mean by ‘National System of Education’ ? 2

Ans: National System of Education’ means a comprehensive appraisal of the existing system of education to awaken the people about the various scientific and technological developments and to make the students at the various stages of education aware of the same in order to utilize them in their future life.

or

Write the structure of Secondary Education as suggested by Kothari Commission.

Ans: The Kothari Commission suggested the following elements with regards to structure of Secondary Education. These are:

(i) Division of the educational pyramid into different level of stages and their inter-relationship.

(ii) Duration covered by different stages.

(iii) Quality of teachers, curricula, methods of teaching, evaluation, equipment and infrastructure.

(iv) Utilisation of available resources to their optimum.

                The Kothari Commission again reorganisation the new educational structure which mentioned below:

A. Pre-School (Nursery, LKG, UKG class) —- 1-3 years.

B. A ten years period of General Education:

(i) Lower Primary Education (class i – iv) — 4-5 years.

(ii) Higher Primary Education (class v-vii) –3 or 2 years.

(iii) Lower Secondary Stage (class viii- x) — 3 or 2 years.

C. Higher Secondary Stage (class xi-xii) —- 2 or 3 years.

(i) General Education — 2 years.

Or

(ii) Vocational Education —–1 -3 years.

D. Degree Courses —- 3 years, followed by courses of varying durations for higher studies.

       All the above mentioned, this commission also recommended that the age of admission class-I should not be less than six years. The first public examination will come at the end of 10 years of school. A new higher secondary course should provide specialised studies in different subjects and the pre-University courses should be transferred from Universities to Secondary School.

4. Mention two changes brought in the secondary education system in Assam on the basis of recommendations of Mudaliar Commission.

Ans: The two changes brought in the secondary education system in Assam on the basis of recommendations of Mudaliar Commission.

i. Government of Assam decided to change some high school into multipurpose schools.

ii. During this time 67 high schools were upgraded to higher secondary school. 

5. Mention two groups of people who may get benefit of Non-formal Education. 2

Ans: The two groups of people who may get benefit of Non-formal Education are mention below:

(i) One group of people are those who are late bloomer and dropouts can get benefit of non-formal education.

(ii) Another group of people are those who are deprived classes can benefit of non-formal education.

                               or

Mention two merits of Open Education.

Ans: two merits of Open Education are:

(i) Admission system of the open education system is very easy and eligible criteria’s are flexible.

(ii) Open Education system facilitates the people of remote areas, hilly areas, rural areas, dropouts, adult who are not entitled to get education in time.

6. Mention two characteristics of Environmental Education. 2

Ans: The two characteristics of Environmental Education are mentioned below:

(a) Environmental Education is a process of organizing the interrelatedness among man, his physical, cultural and biological surroundings.

(b) It identifies the imbalances of environment and tries to improve it in view of substance development.

7. Mention two laws of use and disuse of learning. 2

Ans: The two laws of use and disuse of learning are briefly discussed below:

(i) Law of use: It refers to the strengthening of connection with practice.

(ii) Law of disuse: It refers to the weakening of connection or forgetting when the practice is discontinued.

8. “There is no place for creativity in memory”. Explain. 2

Ans: Yes, it is true that there is no place for creativity in memory because of the following reason:

(i) Act of memorization depend upon five sense organs or sensory experience. Hence, There is no required any creative  ability of a person to retain the learned material.

(ii) The process of memory consist of learning, retention, recall and recognition only and no need to any high intelligence persons to retain the learned material. Every individual has retaining power of which helps to store learning and experience.

Or

“Nita has learnt first poem her book. But after learning the second poem she forgot the first one”. Give psychological reason.

Ans: “Nita has learnt first poem her book. But after learning the second poem she forgot the first one”. It means when the person tries to remember the first experience, the second experience creates a shadow and becomes like an obstacle in recollection of the first. This psychological reason is happened when two different subjects are learnt without providing any time gap.

9. “Volitional attention may create interest”. Give an example and explain. 2

Ans:  Yes, Volitional attention may create interest when an individual is physically and mentally ready to pay attention and he does it out of his own will. For example: A student with strong will to shine in life will pay attention to his studies in spite of poverty.

10. “Mental health is a relative concept”. Give reason. 2

Ans: Mental health is not fixed state, it is relative concept because it is influenced by a variety factor like- hereditary factor, physical factor, social factor, cultural factor, factor of individual differences etc. Due to various factors different persons show variety of mental health. If some people are normal, others re aggressive, and some are fearful etc. Therefore, mental health is called relative concept.

11. Explain the relationship between mental health and physical health. 2

Ans: The following reason we can understand that both has relationship between mental health and physical health. These are:

(i) Mental health strongly influences physical health

(ii) Good mental health speeds up recovery from physical illness.

(iii) Good physical health improves mood, reduces stress, and boosts mental well-being.

(iv) Both can help to leads better quality of life.

12. What is Mode ? The mean of a distribution is 25 and median is 30. Find out the Mode. 2

Ans: The mode is indeed the value that occurs most frequently in a dataset.

Solution:

As we know that the formula of Mode is

Mode= 3 Median – 2 Mean

           = 3 x 43 – 2 x 35

           = 129 – 70

           = 59

13. What is Median ? Write two demerits of Median. 2

Ans: The median is the value in the middle of a data set that lies in the middle ( 50% of the cases are below it and 50 % are above it) when the data are arranged in ascending or descending order.

            The two demerits of Median as a measure of central tendency.

(i) In ungrouped data, arranging scores in ascending or descending order is time-consuming when observations are many.

(ii) Median is a positional average – it only depends on the middle item, not on the magnitude of all values.

14. Mention four defects of Secondary Education in India as pointed out by Mudaliar Commission of 1952-53. 4 

Ans: The defects of Secondary Education system which was pointed by Mudailiar Commission are as following below:

(i) Narrow and one sided:

Firstly, The defect of Secondary Education system is that the prevailing system of education in narrow and one-sided which has failed to train the whole personality of the students.

(ii) Impractical:

Secondly, The defect of Secondary Education system in secondary schools is isolated from life, while it should be consonance with the requirement of life. Therefore, The students do not develop a proper insight into their life.

(iii) No scope for Close Contact:

Thirdly, The number of students in each class is so large that it becomes impossible for the teachers to establish close personal contact with their students.

(iv) No scope for Self Expression:

Forth defect was that a rigid time table, unsuitable text books, and unduly detailed syllabus don’t give the teacher sufficient opportunities of the students in their dependence thought and initiative in action.

15. What are the suggestions made by Kothari Commission to relate productivity and education. 4

Ans: The two suggestions of Kothari Commission regarding ‘Education and Productivity’ are mentioned below:

i. The Kothari Commission suggested Education should be job oriented and greater importance should be given to education in agriculture, science, industrial and technical subjects.

ii. In place of bookish knowledge, Education greater importance should be attached to the acquisition of practical knowledge and skills.

16. Discuss about four measures to impart Environmental Education in educational institutions. 4

Ans: The four measures to impart Environmental Education in educational institutions are given below:

(i) Environmental topic should be integrated at all levels including pre-primary to higher level.

(ii) Environmental education should be focused on both theoretical as well as practical awareness.

(iii) Environmental education should be focused on activity-based learning for understanding and awareness like – tree planting, field trips, poster-making, debate, and essay competition etc.

(iv) Environmental awareness campaigns and competitions should include in educational institution like observing World Environmental Day or Earth Day to raises awareness and involvement.

                                          or

Explain the importance of women empowerment.

Ans: The two importance of women empowerment are given below:

(i) Encouraging girls for all kinds of vocational, technical, and professional education as per their needs, interest and attitudes.

(ii) Inculcating the values of gender equality and gender justice through education should get priority in the educational system.