Environmental Education
Important Questions Answer
1.What is Environment? What are its Components?
Ans: The term ‘Environment’ refers to the surrounding of an organism that includes both living and non-living and of all social, economic, biological, physical factors which covers all the outside conditions that have acted on the individual since he began life is called Environment.
There are mainly three components of environment. These are:
(a) Natural Environment:
It includes both living and non-living components like- air, water, tree, forest, rivers, plants, animal, man and functions, etc.
(b) Social Environment:
It includes all the socio-economic influence affecting mankind as population growth, employment, culture etc.
(c) Man made Environment:
It includes village, industries, institutions, roads, buildings, agriculture, transport etc.
2. What is Environmental Education?
Ans: Environmental Education is nothing but it is an integrated process of education which deals with man’s interrelationship like- the relation of population, pollution, resource allocation and depletion, conservation, technology for rural and urban planning with his natural and man made surrounding to explore environmental issues, engage in problem solving and to improve the environment is called Environmental Education.
3. Give one definition of Environmental Education.
Ans: According to R.A Sharma, “Environmental Education refers to the awareness of physical and cultural environment and perceive its relevance for real life situation”.
4. What are the objectives of Environmental Education? Explain briefly.
Ans: The objectives of Environmental Education are briefly discussed following the below:
i. Awareness:
To develop an awareness of environment sensitivity (feeling and attitudes) to the total environment and its allied problems.
ii. Knowledge:
To help in acquiring knowledge and variety of experience of the environment and associated problems.
iii. Understanding:
To develop a basic understanding of structure, process and problems of environment, interdependence of environmental components.
iv. Skill:
To help in acquiring skills for identifying, assessing and solving environmental problems.
v. Attitudes:
To develop attitudes, a set of feeling of concern for the environment and encouragement or motivation for active participation in protection and improvement of environment.
vi. Participation:
To develop an opportunity for an active participation or practice all levels in working for the solution of environmental problems.
vii. Evaluating:
To develop an ability for valuating environmental components and educational programmes in terms of ecological, economic, social, cultural aesthetic and educational factors.
5. What principles should an educational institution follow providing environmental education?
Ans: The principles should follow providing environmental education in the following ways:
(a) Simple to Complex.
(b) Proceed from indefinite ideas to definite ones.
(c) Proceed from concreate to abstract.
6. Enumerated the three characteristics of Environmental Education.
Ans: The three characteristics of Environmental Education are mentioned below:
(a) Environmental Education is a process of organizing the interrelatedness among man, his physical, cultural and biological surroundings.
(b) It identifies the imbalances of environment and tries to improve it in view of substance development.
(c) It develops skills, attitudes, feelings and values needed to play and productive role in improving life and values.
7. What areas are covered within the scope of Environmental Education?
Ans: The scope of Environmental Education is so wide that covers various aspects of natural ecological, cultural, technological, economical, educational and commercial. So, it therefore the scope of environmental education may be highlighted below:
i. Problems of pollution.
ii. Environmental degradation.
iii. Population explosion.
iv. Depletion of environmental resources.
v. Formation of man’s attitudes and values.
vi. Effect of science and technology.
vii. Environmental hazards and disaster, etc.
8 From where the term ‘Environment’ was originated?
Ans: The term ‘Environment’ was originated from the French word ‘Environer’ which means ‘to surround’ or ‘to encircle’.
9. Who introduced first the concept of ‘Environmental Consciousness’?
Ans: Eames Macked of Germany for the first time introduced the concept of Environmental Consciousness in 1869.
10. Which day is celebrated as ‘World Environment Day’?
Ans: Every year 5th June is celebrated as ‘World Environment Day’.
Point to be Remember
- The word ‘Environment’ has been derived from the French word ‘Environer’. It means ‘to surround’ or ‘to circle’.
- In 1869, Eames Macked of Germany for the first time introduced the concept of Environmental Consciousness.
- Every year 5th June is celebrated as the World Environment (Conservation) Day.
- Tbilisi Conference (1977) USSR has said that all the subjects from science and Humanities should be included in Environmental Education. These subjects include- Technology, economics, political science, moral science, etc. This Education should be regarded as ‘ Life Long Education’.
Population Education
11. What do you mean by Population Education?
Ans: Population Education is nothing but it is a programme of creating awareness among students and the public in terms of increasing population, causes of problems and solutions and the ways of controlling population is known as Population Education.
12. Define Population Education?
Ans: According to Burbson, “Population Education is an exploration of knowledge and attitudes about population, the family and sex.”
13. Write the two characteristics of Population Education.
Ans: The two characteristics of Population Education are mentioned below:
(a) Population Education is purely an educational programme.
(b) Population Education studies the relationship of man and environment with regard to his quality of life.
(c) Its concept is multi-disciplinary and related to a number of disciplines.
(d) It provides a learning situation for understanding population situation in family, community, nation, and the world at large.
14. Mention four objectives of Population Education.
Ans: The four objectives of Population Education are mentioned below;
i. To ensure awareness and understanding of population explosion.
ii. To provide in understanding the importance of the size of the family planning..
iii. To provide knowledge of relation between population and socio-economic condition.
iv. To bring about behavioural changes among the people.
15. What are the needs and importance of Population Education?
Ans: Population Education is very important which helps in the following below:
i. Population Education helps to make aware of the serious problems due to population explosion.
ii. It helps in establishing equality of sexes by helping women to acquire their rightful status and become equal partners in overall goal of accelerating the peace of socio-economic development.
iii. It helps to provide proper knowledge about the advantages of small family planning.
iv. It helps to inform the younger generation about the ground situation and to educate them for leading a planned adult life.
v. It directly or indirectly helps in establishing a true democratic society. Thus, that It is clear that the lesser is the population the better is the democracy.
vi. It helps to achieve higher standard of living.
vii. It is essential for improving quality of general education.
viii. It also very essential for the maintenance of quality life.
16. How can the Population Education be imparted in educational institution?
Ans: Population Education can be imparted in educational institution in the following ways:
i. In 1971, NCERT declared that population education should be started at the primary stage continued till the second stage.
ii. At primary stage concept of small family should be given to the children.
iii. At the secondary stage, historical background of increasing population along with the data of population growth of different countries should be given.
iv. At the college level, knowledge on different parts of the body should be given and also concept of reproductive system should be included in the courses of study.
vi. Population education can be included as a subject in different training centres.
vii. Research scholars can do research work on ‘population’.
17. Who introduced the concept of ‘Population Education’?
Ans: In 1935, Prof. S.R. Wayland of Columbia University introduced the concept of ‘Population Education’.
18. Who developed the concept of ‘Population Education’?
Ans: In the year 1982, American sociologist and Novel Peace award ‘Alva Myrdal’ developed the concept of ‘Population Education’.
19. Which Day is celebrated as ‘World Population Day’?
Ans: Every year 11th July is celebrated as ‘World Population Day’.
20. In which year ‘Population Policy’ was passed in India?
Ans: On 11th May, 2000 Population Policy was passed in India.
Points to be Remember
The concept of ‘Population Education’ was developed by the American Sociologist and Novel Peace award winner ‘Alva Myrdal’ in the year 1982.
On 11th May,2000 the Indian Government had declared that the total number of population was 100 cores. In the same year to Central Population the Government passed ‘ Population Policy’.
In the International Conference held in 1993 and 1994, NCERT said for inclusion of six subjects in the courses of Population Education. These subjects are:
i. Family life.
ii. Equality of Sexes.
iii. Adolescence reproductive system, Health and Hygiene.
iv. Health and Education.
v. Urbanization and Migration.
vi. Long term development.
Physical Education
21. What is Physical Education?
Ans: Physical Education is nothing but it a part of general education which gives us knowledge own health for growth and development to lead a happy and prosperous life of an individual is Physical Education. The aim of this education is to make not only in physical development but also helps in mental, social and emotional development of an individual.
22. Define Physical Education.
Ans: According to Cassidy, “Physical Education is the sum of changes in the individual caused by experiences centreing motor activity.”
23. What are the needs and importance of Physical Education?
Ans: The needs and importance of Physical Education are mentioned below:
i. Physical Education helps to play a vital role for the development of national integration.
ii. It helps in developing good relation among human beings like- cooperation, sympathy, poverty etc.
iii. It helps in controlling such emotion like- aggressiveness, stress or tension through physical activities to enhance the power of tolerance.
iv. It helps to develop certain qualities like – perseverance, team spirit, team leadership, obedience to rules etc.
v. It helps in creating discipline for human being for the development of personality.
vi. It is helpful in developing the alertness of mind in various programmes of physical education such as wrestling, kabaddi, cricket, etc.
vii. Physical education is a good source of knowledge about health, its hazards and diseases.
24. Mention four objectives of Physical Education.
Ans: The four objectives of Physical Education are mentioned below:
(a) To make all round development of an individual including physical, mental, social, emotional, etc.
(b) To prepare the students as a supporting element to adjust with the society in future.
(c) To develop personality of the students to adjust with their environment.
(d) To make understanding the relationship between physical aspects with others one.
25. What is the full form of NCF?
Ans: The full form of NCF is National Curriculum Framework.
Points to be Remember
- Physical Education enables the child to have the total physical growth and development to lead a happy life. It is not only helps in physical development but also helps in mental, social and emotional development of an individual.
- Physical Education should be included in the first ten(10) years of school education.
- At upper primary stage: Exercises, gymnastics, yoga, judo, drill, scouting and guiding should be introduced.
- At the high school stage: athletic, gymnastics, yoga, meditation, swimming, etc are to be included in the course of physical education.
- Camping and various team games and completions should be introduced in both upper and high school stage like – NCC, guiding, scouting, social service should be added to the compulsory programmes of physical education.
- NCERT in ‘National Curriculum Framework for School Education, 2000” introduced ‘Games and Sports’, ‘Yoga and Meditation’, ‘Scouting, Guiding, NCC and Red- Cross.’
Value Education
26. What is Value? Briefly explain three types of values.
Ans: Values are nothing but it refers to a concept that develops in the mind of an individual moral codes of behaviour which covers the entire domain of the development of integrated personality is called Value. For example: Values of health, food, discipline, clarity, rationality and impartiality, purity, kindness, fairness, clothing, truth, beauty, peace, happiness, etc.
The three types of values are briefly discussed bellow:
(a) Social value:
Social values refers to certain behaviour and set of beliefs in the society that shares common codes like- charity, civic duty, courtesy, etc.
(b) Moral value:
It constitutes the values of attitude and behaviour of an individual in making a distinction between right and wrong, good and bad in relation to fairness, justice, human dignity, etc.
(c) Economic value:
It refers to the material, commercial or monetary value of some good or physical object.
27. What is Value Education?
Ans: Value Education refers to the form of education that covers all aspects of personality development which endeavours the values of moral, aesthetic, intellectual, social and spiritual development for the good of the society and the individual life is called Value Education.
28. Define Value Education.
Ans: According to C.V. Good, “ Value Education is the aggerated of all the process by means of which a person develops abilities and other form of behaviour of the positive values in the society in which he belongs.”
29. Write three characteristics of Value Education.
Ans: The three characteristics of Value Education are mentioned below:
(a) Value Education is a comprehensive process.
(b) It is a process pf direct as well as indirect inculcation of proper habits, attitudes, sensibilities and character of the learners.
(c) It is related to the ‘good’ of every individual.
30. Mention two methods of providing Value Education.
Ans: The two methods of providing Value Education are:
(a) Lecture Method.
(b) Story Telling Method.
31. What are the needs and importance of Value Education?
Ans: The needs and importance of Value Education are mention in the following belows:
i. Value Education helps in the development of character and morality.
ii. It helps to modify the behaviour and personality of the students.
iii. It helps students to become more responsive and practical.
iv. It helps a sense of respect for others in the human being.
v. It helps in developing a strong relationship with family and friends.
vi. It also can help to develop a healthy and balanced personality.
32. Write three components or types of Value Education.
Ans: The three components or types of Value Education are:
(a) Moral Education.
(b) Health Education.
(c) Environmental Education.
(d) Physical Education.
(e) History and cultural Education.
33. A German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche used the word ‘values’ for the first time in ________ . (Fill in the blank).
Ans: In 1880.
Points to be Remember
- A German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche used the word ‘values’ for the first time in 1880.
- A value is what is desire or what is sought. Values are certain guiding principles of life that helps in the physical, mental and social development of the individual.
- Kothari Commission said on the need and importance of Value Education, “The expanding knowledge and the growing power (science) which it places at the disposal of modern society must therefor be combined with the strengthening and keeping of the sense of social responsibility and keener appreciation of moral and spiritual values.”
- There are two distinct ways of importing value education, such as:
(a) Direct.
(b) Indirect.
- The systematic and deliberate instruction on values provided in school time table is known as direct way of important values. Here, values to be inculcated are explained, discussion and illustrated through stories, moral dilemmas and real life events.
- Indirect values education imported the regular co-curricular activities.
Women Empowerment
34. What is Empowerment?
Ans: Empowerment is a process which helps in recognising abilities, capabilities and strength that are already there within an individual.
35. What is Women Empowerment?
Ans: Women Empowerment refers to the process of providing power to women who have been suffering from various disabilities, inequalities and gender discrimination to become free from the control of others, to assume power to control her own life and to determine her own conditions is called Women Empowerment.
36. Mention two objectives of Women Empowerment.
Ans: The two objectives of Women Empowerment are:
(a) Access to education and employment.
(b) Acknowledge women rights.
(c) Equal rights both male and women.
(d) Increasing female literacy level.
37. What should steps have taken by the Government for the education of women in India?
Ans: The Government has been taken the following steps for the education of women in India which are mentioned below:
(a) To make literate through the programme of National Literacy Mission.
(b) To make primary education universalised.
(c) Women should be engaged in different educational activities through non-formal education.
38. What steps can taken in educational institution for the enhancement of Women Empowerment?
Ans: The following steps can taken in educational institution for the enhancement of Women Empowerment which are highlighted below:
i. Every girls should get free and compulsory primary education.
ii. Removal of illiteracy among women folk.
iii. Encouraging girls for all kinds of vocational, technical, and professional education as per their needs, interest and attitudes.
iv. Inculcating the values of gender equality and gender justice through education should get priority in the educational system.
v. Value based education for women should be emphasised to bring self confidence among them.
vi. Women should be made aware of their constitutional and legal rights both in work and social life.
vii. To provide scholarship to get girls students studying in universities.
viii. Women should be engaged in different educational activities through non-formal education.
39. Outline the status of women education in India.
Ans: The status of women in Indian education system are highlighted below in the following ways:
i. Before independence, In the Vedic period Women had access to education in India but in the Muslim era women education had gradually lost this rights.
ii. However, In the British period there was revival of interest in women education in India. During this period, with the help of various socio-religious movement led by the eminent like – Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar emphasised on women education in India.
iii. Other Socio-religious eminent person like – Mahatma Jyotiba Phule, Periyer and Baba Saheb Ambedkar were the leaders of the lower caste in India who also took various initiatives to make education available to the women in India.
iv. After independence, Indian Constitution and the Government, various committee has taken various measures to provide education to all Indian women.
v. While in 1971 only 22% of Indian women were literates and by the end of 2001, the female literacy rate were 54.16% and the male literacy rate were 75.85% .
vi. The result of 2021 census, the literacy rate of males were 82.14% and 65.46% for females.
vii. As of 2021, The literacy rate at respectively 84.4% of males and 71.5% of females population.
40. What steps has adopted by the NPE 1986 foe Women Empowerment?
Ans: NPE 1986 has adopted certain steps for Women Empowerment which are highlighted below:
i. To provide 33% seats for reserved for women.
ii. To reserve 30% of Govt. job and contract job for women.
iii. To increase in maternity leave to 135 days instead of 90 days.
iv. Provide opportunities to poor and illiterate women insetting self employed by promoting self help group.
v. To pass women Reservation Bill in the Lok Sabha ensuring politics protection and empowerment.
vi. To established of ‘Women Bank’ where will have the privileged to get engaged in all types of activities.
vii. To ensure and to make arrangement for all women to take part in schemes like – Operation Black Board, Total Literacy Mission, Sarva Shiksha Abhijan, etc.
41. In which year the Government of India adopted a national policy for the Empowerment of Women?
Ans: In 2001, The Government of India adopted a national policy for the Empowerment of Women.
42. When ‘Domestic Violence Bill’ was passed for the protection of Women?
Ans: On 23rd June, 2005 The ‘Domestic Violence Bill’ was passed for the protection of Women.
Points to be Remember
- National Policy for the empowerment of women was adopted in the year 2001 by the Government of India.
- To protect from the harassment of men, On 23rd June Protection of women from Domestic Violence Bill 2005’ was passed.