AHSEC-Development of Secondary Education in India and Assam.

Table of Contents

AHSEC-Development of Secondary Education in India and Assam

Class-12

Important Questions Answer

Chapter-1 Development of Secondary Education in India and Assam

In this title, You will get important questions answer related to know about:

Development of Secondary Education in India.
Mudaliar Commission1952-53.
Kothari Commission 1964-66.
National Policy of Education 1986.

1. What is Secondary Education?

Ans: Secondary Education means the education system that lay’s between primary education and higher education which is imparted to prepare the adolescence boy’s and girl’s for their future life is called Secondary Education.

Mudaliar Commission 1952-53

2. Mention two measures as suggested by Mudaliar Commission to develop leadership qualities among students.

Ans: The Mudaliar Commission suggested the following two measures to develop leadership qualities among the students which are mentioned below:

i. The secondary education should train the person to assume the responsibilities of leadership in social, pollical, industrial, and cultural life of their community or country.

ii. This education should provide the students professional efficiency and all the facilities inside the school for the formation of good character.

3. Discuss about the defects of Secondary Education as pointed out by Mudaliar Commission 1952-53.

Ans: The Mudailiar Commission pointed out the following defects of secondary education which are discussed below:

i. Narrow and one sided:

Firstly, The defect of Secondary Education system is that the prevailing system of education in narrow and one-sided which has failed to train the whole personality of the students.

ii. Impractical:

Secondly, The defect of Secondary Education system in secondary schools is isolated from life, while it should be consonance with the requirement of life. Therefore, The students do not develop a proper insight into their life.

iii. No scope for Close Contact:

Thirdly, The number of students in each class is so large that it becomes impossible for the teachers to establish close personal contact with their students.

iv. No scope for Self Expression:

Forth defect was that a rigid time table, unsuitable text books, and unduly detailed syllabus don’t give the teacher sufficient opportunities of the students in their dependence thought and initiative in action.

v. Examination Orientation:

Fifth defect was pointed that there was too much stress on examination, curriculum was overcrowded, method of teaching was not scientific and up-to-date and also was lack of proper material aims.

vi. Lack of Facilities for play and Recreation:

Sixth defect was that there was no proper provision for playgrounds, group games, and other recreational activities. Therefore, The school work does not have the atmosphere, vitality and joyousness. Hence, the total personality of the children.

4. Write briefly about the aims of Secondary Education as suggested by Mudaliar Commission 1952-53.

Ans: Mudaliar Commission 1952-53 recommended the following aims of education in Secondary Education system which are discussed below:

i. Development of Democratic Citizenship:

The Commission has realised that no nation can progress without a national feeling along with social feeling. Therefore, The aim of secondary education should be produced such ideal citizens in the schools like – values of discipline, cooperation, patriotism, equality of thoughts, speech and writing who imbued with strong national and social feeling for the sake of the nation.

ii. Improvement of Vocational Capability and Efficiency:

The Commission is of view that after having received secondary education one should be able to earn enough for maintaining himself. For developing the capacity, Vocational subjects should be introduced in the curriculum such as craft and productive work like – agriculture, technical commercial courses to add to the productive capacity of the country.

iii. Development of Personality:

As we know that man is a social animal, So he should have the spirit of cooperation, discipline, humility, love, kindness and the feeling of brotherhood. So, for the development of personality, the curriculum must have the subjects like – science, literature, fine arts, humanities, music and dace which inculcate these virtues in students.

iv. Education for Leadership:

Secondary Education should develop the quality of leadership in students. This quality is very necessary for the sake of democracy and for the development of the country as a whole in various fields of life, namely – social, cultural, political, industrial, etc.

v. Education for formation of character:

Secondary Education should be provided for man’s personality as a whole in the school which can help to modify our behaviour, character, and knowledge in all aspects of human development.

5. When Secondary Education Commission was constituted?

Ans: On 23rd September, 1952.

6. Who was the Chairman of Secondary Education Commission?

Ans: Dr. Laksman Swami Mudaliar.

7. ____________ Commission suggested “Education for Leadership” as an aim of Secondary Education.(Fill in the blank).

Ans: Secondary Education Commission or Mudaliar Commission 1952-53.

8. 'Secondary Board of Assam' was established in 1962 as a result of the recommendation of __________ (Fill in the Blank).

Ans: Secondary Education Commission or Mudaliar Commission 1952-53.

Point To be Remember

Formed: On 23rd September, 1952.
Submitted Report: On 29th August, 1053 in 250 pages of 15 chapters.
Appointed By: Government of India.
Chairperson: Dr. Lakhsmnana Swami Mudaliar.
Secretary: Sri. A.N Basu.
Total Members: Nine(9)
Name of all Members: 1. Dr. Lakshmana Swami Mudaliar (Chairperson/ Vice chancellor of Madras University.

2. A.N Basu (Secretary).

3. Shri K.L Mali.

4. Shri K.G. Saiyidain.

5. Shri M.T Was.

6. Shri J.A Taraporevala.

7. Shrimati Hansa Mehta.

8. Dr. Kenneth R. Williams (Foreign Country).

9. Prof. John Christie (Foreign Country).

Purpose: For the reconstruction and modification of secondary education system.
Method used to enquiry:

i. Questionnaire method

ii. Interview method

Secondary Education Commission was appointed in 1952-53 to study all aspects of secondary education in India.
According to the commission, the aims of Secondary Education were:

i. Development of Democratic Citizenship.

ii. Improvement of Vocational Capability and Efficiency.

iii. Development of Personality.

iv. Education for Leadership.

v. Education for formation of character.

Kothari Commission 1964-66

1. Write two suggestion of Kothari Commission regarding ‘Education and Productivity’.

Ans: The two suggestions of Kothari Commission regarding ‘Education and Productivity’ are mentioned below:

i. The Kothari Commission suggested education should be job oriented and greater importance should be given to education in agriculture, science, industrial and technical subjects.

ii. In place of bookish knowledge, Education greater importance should be attached to the acquisition of practical knowledge and skills.

2. Write two suggestion of Kothari Commission regarding ‘Education and Modernization'.

Ans: The two suggestions of Kothari Commission regarding ‘Education and Modernization’ are mentioned below:

i. Education must keep abreast of the social changes now-a-days take place at a breath-taking place.

ii Education must be so oriented that the educated society may respond appropriately to the new challenges of national reconstruction.

iii. Education must be quick expansion of secondary and higher education.

3. What is ‘Work Experience’?

Ans: The participation of students in productive situation at home, factory, firm, workshop, etc. to make the learner economically self-sufficient, educative to abecome a purposeful is called ‘Work Experience’.

4. Write briefly about the aims of education as suggested by Kothari Commission 1964-66.

Ans: The Kothari Commission or National Education Commission or Indian Education Commission 1964-66 suggested the following as national aims of education which are discussed bellow:

i. Education and Productivity:

The Kothari Commission suggested that education should be job oriented and greater importance should be given to education in agriculture, science, industrial and technical subjects and also greater importance should be attached to the acquisition of practical knowledge or skills.

ii. Promoting Social and National Integration:

India is a big country having people of various languages and religious people so that national unity is a problem. For solving this problem, The Commission suggested such programmes like – N.C.C and A.C.C should be staged in education at every level through which community, social and national spirit may be strengthened.

iii. Education and Modernization:

Society may be modernized through modernization of education so that the commission suggested that the new ideas will be developed in society and narrow ideas will disappear mainly due to the adoption of science-based- technology which is necessary for modernization of society.

iv. Developing Social, Moral and Spiritual values:

For all these values, The commission stressed value –based education related to life both by direct method (like co-curricular activities, celebration of religious festival, social service programmes etc.) and indirect method (like – values of co-operation, honesty and integrity, discipline and social responsibility) to the individual for the maximum development of his personality.

5. Explain the new structural process of education recommended by Kothari Commission 1964-66 on school system of education in India.

or

What are the recommendation given by the Kothari Commission 1964-66 on the structural process of Indian Education?

or

What type of changes of structural process of secondary education mentioned in Indian Education Commission 1964-66?

Ans: The Kothari Commission 1964-66 suggested spread over the new educational structure which is mentioned below:

1. Pre-School (Nursery, LKG,UKG class) – 1 to 3 years.

2. A ten years period of General Education:

(i) Lower Primary Education (class i – iv) – 4 to 5 years.

(ii) Higher Primary Education (class v-vii) – 3 or 2 years.

(iii) Lower Secondary Stage (class viii- x) – 3 or 2 years.

3. Higher Secondary Stage (class xi-xii) – 2 or 3 years.

(i) General Education – 2 years. or

(ii) Vocational Education —–1 – 3 years.

4. Degree Courses -3 years, followed by courses of varying durations for higher studies.

All the above mentioned, This commission also recommended that the age of admission class-I should not be less than six years. The first public examination will come at the end of 10 years of school. A new higher secondary courses should provide specialised studies in different subjects and the pre-University courses should be transferred from Universities to Secondary School.